References

Here are some of my references many of which simply discuss the effectiveness of TH as a whole.

These include some clinical trials.

Cronberg, T., Lilja, G., Rundgren, M., Friberg, H., & Widner, H. (2009). Long-term neurological outcome after cardiac arrest and therapeutic hypothermia Resuscitation, doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2009.06.021

Fries, M., Stoppe, C., Brucken, D., Rossaint, R., & Kuhlen, R. (2009). Influence of mild therapeutic hypothermia on the inflammatory response after successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest Journal of Critical Care, 24(3), 453-457. doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2008.10.012

Inderbitzen, B., Yon, S., Lasheras, J., Dobak, J., Perl, J., & Steinberg, G. K. (2002). Safety and performance of a novel intravascular catheter for induction and reversal of hypothermia in a porcine model Neurosurgery, 50(2), 364-370.

Koran, Z. (2008). Therapeutic hypothermia in the postresuscitation patient: The development and implementation of an evidence-based protocol for the emergency department. Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal, 30(4), 319-330.

Kozik, T. M. (2007). Induced hypothermia for patients with cardiac arrest. Critical Care Nurse, 27(5), 36-43.

NEJM -- neurologic prognosis after cardiac arrest Retrieved 10/14/2009, 2009, from http://proxy.library.upenn.edu:2252/cgi/content/full/361/6/605

Sahuquillo, J., Pérez-Bárcena, J., Biestro, A., Zavala, E., Merino, M., Vilalta, A., Poca, M. A., Garnacho, A., Adalia, R., Homar, J., & LLompart-Pou, J. A. (2008). Intravascular cooling for rapid induction of moderate hypothermia in severely head-injured patients: Results of a multicenter study (IntraCool) Intensive Care Medicine, doi:10.1007/s00134-008-1357-4

Schnautz, L., Glines, E., Rowley, D., Harris, D., & Petty, M. (2005). To freeze or not to freeze. American Journal of Nursing, 105(2), 72AA-72DD.

Patents

Method and apparatus for establishing and maintaining therapeutic hypothermia

Scott M. Evans et al

a patent on an intravenous Therapeutic Hypothermia device

http://www.google.com/patents?id=nkUKAAAAEBAJ&printsec=drawing&zoom=4#v=onepage&q=&f=false

Cooling blanket

a patent application on a cooling blanket device to be used after cardiac arrest

http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=JlmhAAAAEBAJ&dq=Therapeutic+Hypothermia+intravenous

Method and apparatus for treating acute myocardial infarction with

a patent application for a device to directly cool a patients myocardium following cardiac arrest.

This devices appears to take the concept of cooling a patient core directly to a level beyond even

what is seen in the Intravenous cooling devices.

http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=Q-mAAAAAEBAJ

Celsius control system

This is a citation for an article in Neurocritical Care describing the a specific Intravenous cooling system. The Celsius control system is the type of device which i will be fully diagramming. Its produced by INNERCOOL Therapies, San Diego, CA.

Badjatia, N. (2004). Celsius control system Neurocritical Care, 1(2), 201-203.

News Articles on Therapeutic Hypothermia

City Pushes Cooling Therapy for Cardiac Arrest

This is a New York Times Article from a year ago on the implementation of Therapeutic Hypothermia in the New York Ems system

http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/04/nyregion/04cool.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=therapeutic%20hypothermia&st=cse

How Ice Can Save Your Life

Wallstreet Journal article giving an overview of TH and how its beginning to be used

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703298004574455011023363866.html

Chosen Device

I decided to get more specific and focus only on Intravenous cooling devices. These work by circulating cooled saline through a metal tip catheter which is generally inserted into the fermoral vein or directly into the Vena Cava. The saline pulls heat directly out of the body. These systems are supposedly highly effective in dropping patients core temperature.

Devices

Here is a look at a few companies providing devices to induce hypothermia:

(of course the simpler method of using ice packs and saline to cool patients is also used)

Medivance ArcticGel Pads: (cooling pads on applied to patients skin)

http://www.medivance.com/html/products_arcticgel.htm

Intravascular Temperature Management (IVTM™) (cools patient directly through venous system)

http://www.alsius.com/products/

Innercool (provides devices utilizing both methods)

http://www.innercool.com/

Therapeutic Hypothermia Following Cardiac Arrest

I’ve fallen somewhat behind on my blog posts but have done a good bit of reading in regards to my topic stating out with simple newspaper articles and progressing to medical journals. My chosen topic is therapeutic hypothermia, a technique in which patients body temperatures are reduced by for an extended period of time followed by gradual re-warming with the hopes of reducing brain damage caused by the hypoxia experienced in cardiac arrest. This topic has particular interest to me having worked as an EMT in NY the last few years. New York City has seen the establishment of EMS protocols regarding therapeutically hypothermia in the last year and the goal of my paper will be will be to analyze from an engineering perspective the concepts behind and efficacy of both the technique as a whole and the different methods used to induce it.